The case is the "box" in which the components sit safely. It has both the role of protecting them and helping to cool them. Through good air circulation, with the help of case fans, the cold air is drawn into the case, and the hot air is expelled - the whole phenomenon is called airflow.

The motherboard is a printed circuit board that is the foundation of any computer. It allocates power and allows communication between computer components so that they deliver the necessary data and responses.

The processor or CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain of the computer. It handles most of the "computing" (data processing, commands and instructions). It is a key component, which is used in any activity done on the computer..

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly (any stored byte can be accessed without touching the other stored bytes). It's volatile memory, meaning it can't hold data permanently, or at least not without being connected to power.

Usually the SSD (Solid State Drive) or HDD (Hard Disk Drive), is the device on which data is permanently stored. SSDs are a better choice as they are much faster than traditional HDD.

The video card is the device responsible for displaying information on the monitor and processing graphic data. These are of two types: integrated or dedicated. The integrated ones do not have their own RAM memory, but use the system's main memory, the dedicated video cards being thus much more performant.

The PSU is the component that supplies current to the system. It draws the current required by the system from the socket. The best sources are those certified 80 PLUS TITANIUM.

The audio card is the device responsible for playing and processing sound. Modern audio cards are of 3 types: integrated, dedicated and external.

Modern motherboards have an integrated sound card, so a separate one is not necessary. Cheap external sound cards are usually a compromise measure, and expensive external sound cards or dedicated ones (that plug into the motherboard) are usually for audiophiles.

Also known as DVD Writer or CD Writer, is a drive that allows you to burn data to a CD/DVD. Nowadays, there are not many such units anymore, they are technically outdated.

The modern alternative is the USB stick.